: High-speed Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) translate digital coordinates from a microcontroller (like a PIC or AVR) into analog voltages. These voltages drive the X (horizontal) and Y (vertical) deflection plates to position the electron beam.
At the input side of the schematic, one finds a conventional timekeeping source. This is typically a microcontroller (like an Arduino or PIC) or a dedicated real-time clock (RTC) chip connected to a 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator. This low-voltage digital section generates the raw data: hours, minutes, and seconds. Crt Clock Schematic
When moving the beam from the end of the minute hand to the start of the second hand, the Z-axis must be turned off before the DAC changes value. A 1µs delay is required; otherwise, "flyback lines" (ghost diagonal streaks) will appear across the screen. This is typically a microcontroller (like an Arduino
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) clock , often called an oscilloscope clock A 1µs delay is required; otherwise, "flyback lines"