Historically, the state-promoted ideology of "State Ibuism" emphasized that a woman's primary duty is to be a faithful wife, a nurturing mother, and a guardian of the nation's morals.
Another factor is the lack of education and awareness about personal boundaries and consent. In many Indonesian households, discussions about sex, intimacy, and personal boundaries are often taboo, leading to a lack of understanding and respect for individual autonomy. This ignorance can perpetuate a culture of voyeurism, where individuals feel comfortable observing or recording others without their consent.
In traditional Javanese and Minangkabau culture, isin (shame/embarrassment) is a social glue. The idea of seeing a mother—a figure of hormat (respect) and kesucian (purity)—in a vulnerable state was once unthinkable. It violated tata krama (etiquette) at a primal level.