4f Welding Position Full __full__

| Defect | Primary Cause in 4F | Solution | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Too much heat; puddle sagging away from vertical wall. | Reduce amperage; tighten arc length; pause slightly at the vertical wall. | | Convexity (bulging weld) | Travel speed too slow; excessive deposition. | Increase travel speed; use a smaller electrode/wire. | | Slag Inclusion | Slag running ahead of arc; improper cleaning between passes. | Increase drag angle; chip/grind thoroughly between passes. | | Overlap (cold lap) | Amperage too low; travel angle too steep. | Increase heat slightly; reduce drag angle to 5°. | | Burn-through (on thin material) | Excessive heat input; moving too slow. | Use smaller electrode; faster travel; backstep technique. |

MIG overhead is cleaner but requires precise gun angle. 4f welding position full